{"id":2877,"date":"2018-08-13T12:50:25","date_gmt":"2018-08-13T08:20:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/minamohammadi.ir\/?p=2877"},"modified":"2020-03-17T15:44:53","modified_gmt":"2020-03-17T12:14:53","slug":"journal-of-criminal-law-and-criminology-number-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sdil.ac.ir\/en\/journal-of-criminal-law-and-criminology-number-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology – Number 3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Journal of<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Criminal Law and Criminology<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Number 3<\/strong><\/h2>\n

<\/h3>\n

Vol. II \u25cf No. 1<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spring \u2013 Summer 2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n

<\/h3>\n

Managing Editor: Vahid Eshtiagh<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Editor-in-Chief: Mohammad Ashoori<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/h4>\n

CONTENTS<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Articles<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Principle of Conduct and Its Rules in Criminal Law: with a Comparative Approach to Iran and England law<\/strong>
\nMehrdad Rayejian Asli<\/p>\n

Iran criminal law mechanisms in enforcement of litigation right for victimized child (child`s litigation right)<\/strong>
\nAmirhamzeh Zeinali<\/p>\n

The Elements of Sin Aiding<\/strong>
\nGhassem Mohammadi – Ehsan Abbaszadeh<\/p>\n

Similarities and Differences between Interpretation in Substantive and\u00a0Procedural Law<\/strong>
\nAli Shojaei<\/p>\n

Assessment of Criminal Sanctions against Legal Persons Analysis of the\u00a0Article 20 of the Islamic Penal Code Adopted (2013)<\/strong>
\nMohsen Sharifi – Mohammad Jafar Habibzadeh – Mohammad Farajiha<\/p>\n

Political Crime and Had-Tazir Demarcation<\/strong>
\nRahim Nobahar<\/p>\n

Articles<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The Principle of Conduct and Its Rules in Criminal Law:\u00a0with a Comparative Approach to Iran and England law<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Mehrdad Rayejian Asli<\/strong>
\n(Assistant Professor of Tarbiat Modares University)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract:<\/strong>
\nThe principle of conduct, as a basic principle, is as the actus reus in
\na model which can be called criminal law theory. The theory explains
\nthe relations among manifestations of criminal norm based upon a hierarchical
\nmodel in which the conduct as objective aspect of free choice
\nis analyzed into several rules from which each one derive specific provisions.
\nThese render the norms constituting criminal conduct become
\napplicable in any criminal cases. The rules derived from the principle
\nof conduct are divided into three groups: rules of the nature of conduct,
\nrules of requirements and circumstances of conduct, and rules of consequence
\nof conduct. All of the rules reflect similarities and differences
\nwithin comparative criminal law systems. The cases concerned in
\nthis article are Iranian and English legal systems. The article concludes
\nthat although the classical concept actus reus can be formulated as the
\nprinciple of conduct in both legal systems but the rules and specific
\nprovisions derived from reflect significant differences between the Iran
\nand England law: Whereas these rules and provisions have mainly been
\nincorporated into within Iranian law from other legal systems (esp. European-
\nFrench ones), there is an organized system of the norms constituting
\nconduct within England law.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong>
\nCriminal law, Criminal norm, Principle of conduct, rules and provisions
\nof conduct principle<\/p>\n

Iran Criminal Law Mechanisms in Enforcement of\u00a0Litigation Right for Victimized Child\u00a0(Child`s Litigation Right)<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Amirhamzeh Zeinali<\/strong>
\n(Member of Social Welfare management Reserch Centre, University of Social<\/strong>
\nWelfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract:<\/strong>
\nAccording to the principle 36 of Iran Constitutional law, everyone has
\nthe right of litigation. Everyone can access proper courts for litigation.
\nThese courts must be available for everyone and nobody can`t be denied
\nfrom resorting to the court which is accessible according to the law. All
\nof terms that has been used in this principle, are absolute and unconditional.
\nSo, the primary principle is that disability is not a barrier in this
\nway. But enforcement of this right in some groups such as children and
\nadolescents can be faced with some barriers because of special physical
\nand social situations. This is an important matter in crimes against
\nchild because of major impacts of victimization and social and humane
\nnecessities in supporting victimized children. Although being a child
\nis not a barrier to litigation right when a child is victimized, legislators
\nby attending to the vulnerability of child in bringing criminal action
\nand for reducing black figure of crimes against them, have provided
\nsome differential supportive mechanisms in enforcement of this right
\nby adopting welfare approach. This matter has been provided in criminal
\nprocedure law (1392) that is one of the most victim-focused in Iran
\ncriminal laws. Reviewing this Act and comparing it with the other laws
\nand legislations in this area such as Child Protection Act (16\/12\/2002,
\nother Acts and ongoing bills present the disharmony, conflict and confusion
\nin legislative policies in this field. This essay reviews mentioned
\nmatters in descriptive- analytical approach and by use of comparative
\nlaw findings.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong>
\nVictimized child, prosecutor, litigation, legal guardian, Nongovernmental
\norganization, wellbeing organization, Guardian by nature.<\/p>\n

The Elements of Sin Aiding<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ghassem Mohammadi<\/strong>
\n(Assistant Professor of Shahid Beheshti University)<\/strong>
\nEhsan Abbaszadeh<\/strong>
\n(Ph.D Student)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract:<\/strong>
\nThe prohibition of sin aiding as jurisprudential basis of criminalization
\nof aiding in crime has always been considered. The order of Shari\u2019a
\nin crime aiding and the quality of its creation has several similarities
\nto crime aiding. While more accurate inquiry on material and mental
\nelements show that the substance of sin aiding and it\u2019s partial subjects
\nare not necessarily accompanied by crime aiding theory. On one side,
\nthe recognition of the aiding examples which is based on achieving
\ncommon perception of \u201caiding\u201d in return of considering legal examples
\nof aiding, will lead to not considering some behaviour as jurisprudential
\naiding unlike law\u2019s perspective. On the other side, acceptance of
\nknowledge adequacy to the content of action theory,in creation of material
\nelement of aiding, will make distinguished approach that can be
\nobserved in criminal laws.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong>
\nSin(Ethm) aiding, Practical aiding, Intentional titles, Crime, Common
\ntruth of aiding.<\/p>\n

Similarities and Differences between Interpretation\u00a0in Substantive and Procedural Law<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ali Shojaei<\/strong>
\n(Assistant Professor of Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract:<\/strong>
\nSubstantive and procedural criminal laws have no differences in relation
\nto interpretive approaches and general canons of interpretation.
\nThey also have no differences in these respects with other legal branches.
\nThere are two special canons of interpretation (i.e., strict interpretation
\nand interpretation in favor of the accused), which although they
\nhave a common core in both substantive and procedural criminal law,
\ntheir applications are not the same. The strict interpretation could be
\ndefined as interpretation limiting the right-breaking. The principle of
\nlegality and fair trial are respectively the focal concepts in substantive
\nand procedural criminal law. So, the canon of strict interpretation in
\nsubstantive and procedural criminal law could be respectively defined
\nas interpretation \u201cbased on\u201d or \u201ccompatible with\u201d the principle of legality
\nand as interpretation \u201cbased on\u201d or \u201ccompatible with\u201d fair trial. The
\ncanon of interpretation in favor of the accused has a completing role for
\nthe canon of strict interpretation and is the last chain of the interpretive
\nprocess in substantive criminal law. This canon has, in the light of the
\nprinciple of balancing the rights, a broader scope in procedural criminal
\nlaw than in substantive criminal law and is manifested as the canon
\nof favor-based interpretation, which is subdivided into three canons,
\ni.e., interpretation in favor of the accused, interpretation in favor of the
\ncrime victims and interpretation in favor of the society.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong>
\nInterpretation, interpretive approaches, canons of interpretation, the
\nprinciple of legality, fair trial, the canon of strict interpretation, the canon
\nof interpretation in favor of the accused, the canon of favor- based
\ninterpretation.<\/p>\n

Assessment of Criminal Sanctions against Legal\u00a0Persons; (the analysis of the Article 20 of the Islamic\u00a0Penal Code ratified in 2013)<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Mohsen Sharifi<\/strong>
\n(Ph.D Student)<\/strong>
\nMohammad Jafar Habibzade (Ph.D)<\/strong>
\n(Professor, Faculty of Low and Political Science, Tarbiat Modares University)<\/strong>
\nMohammad Farajiha<\/strong>
\n(Assistant Professor of Tarbiat Modares University)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract:<\/strong>
\nInadequacy of the civil and disciplinary sanctions to control the riskful
\nactivities of the modern powers such as legal entities ultimately
\nmade the Iranian legal system to move beyond the sparse and case law,
\nand recognize the criminal liability of those individuals, as a rule in
\nthe Islamic Penal Code (Article 143; ratified in 2013). Obviously, the
\neffectiveness of this approach depends on the integrity of the sanctions
\ncommensurate with the culpability of legal entities. Therefore, it must
\nbe assessed whether or not the designed sanctions- dissolution, confiscation
\nof property, prohibition of occupational or social activities,
\ncapital raising, prohibition of issuing some trade documents, fine and
\npublishing sentence (Article 20)- are equivalent to the legal entities nature.
\nDoes the diversity of these reactions in a way that they can cope
\nwith crime control among these persons? Do the sanctions meet the
\nparticular goals of punishment such as deterrence and victim\u2019s redress
\nlosses? And is there any separation among the sanctions with regard to
\nthe legal entities types (public or private being)? According to the present
\nessay, the predicted sanctions are proportionate to the nature of the
\nlegal entities, but their diversity is relative. The remedial goals of the
\npunishment and support the victim is more likely to be met than other
\nobjectives. Also, despite the separation between legal entities, there is
\nno distinguished separation between the sanctions.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong>
\nLegal persons, Goals, Penalties, Criminal sanctions variety, Appropriateness
\nof criminal sanctions.<\/p>\n

Political Crime and Had -Tazir Demarcation<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Rahim Nobahar<\/strong>
\n(Assistant Professor of Shahid Beheshti University)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract:<\/strong>
\nIn Islamic Penal Law crimes and punishments are divided intohodoud
\n(prescribed punishments) and ta\u2019zirat (discretionary punishments).
\nIt is, sometimes, believed that political crime, in its modern sense, is
\nrecognizable only in hodoud, not ta\u2019zirat. The major part of the problem
\naccording to this view seems to be that the recognition of a crime
\nas political requires some changes and mitigationsin the punishment;
\nwhile the quality and quantity of the punishment inhodoud are supposedly
\npredetermined. This article studies arguments in favor of this idea
\nand evaluate them as insufficient. Rather the article argues that at least
\nsome hodoud are recognizable as political crimes in certain cases due
\nto their nature andsubstance. The article also provides some arguments
\nin favor of differentiation between professional criminals and offenders
\nwith political motives. Even in traditional view, this differentiation has
\nhad role in separation of some crimes from one another. This idea can
\nbe developed for recognition of political crimes in its modern sense not
\nonly in ta\u2019zirat, but in some hodoud as well.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong>
\nIslamic Jurisprudence, Had -Ta\u2019zir, Political Crime.<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Number 3 Vol. II \u25cf No. 1 Spring \u2013 Summer 2014 Managing Editor: Vahid Eshtiagh Editor-in-Chief: Mohammad Ashoori   CONTENTS Articles The Principle of Conduct and Its Rules in Criminal Law: with a Comparative Approach to Iran and England law Mehrdad Rayejian Asli Iran criminal law mechanisms in enforcement…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2878,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[450,453,454,459],"tags":[472,473,460,474,1666],"class_list":["post-2877","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archive-of-charters","category-magazines-published-by-the-institute","category-published-journals-of-criminal-law-and-criminology-research","category-research-journal-of-criminal-law-and-criminology","tag-criminal-law","tag-criminology","tag-law","tag-the-journal-of-criminal-law-and-criminology","tag-vahid-eshtiagh"],"yoast_head":"\nJournal of Criminal Law and Criminology - 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