{"id":2886,"date":"2018-08-13T13:03:31","date_gmt":"2018-08-13T08:33:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/minamohammadi.ir\/?p=2886"},"modified":"2020-03-17T15:44:15","modified_gmt":"2020-03-17T12:14:15","slug":"journal-of-criminal-law-and-criminology-number-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sdil.ac.ir\/en\/journal-of-criminal-law-and-criminology-number-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology – Number 4"},"content":{"rendered":"

Journal of<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Criminal Law and Criminology<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Number 4<\/strong><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

Vol. II \u25cf No. 2<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Autumn 2014 \u2013 Winter 2015<\/strong><\/h3>\n

<\/h3>\n

Managing Editor: Vahid Eshtiagh<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Editor-in-Chief: Mohammad Ashoori<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CONTENTS<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Articles<\/strong><\/p>\n

International Criminal Court and appropriate Law-Making Policy of Islamic Republic of Iran for Criminalizing Sexual Violence<\/strong>
\nZohreh Mousavifar (Ph.D.)<\/p>\n

Evolution of the Principle of Legality of Crime about Crime against Humanity in the light of Development of International Criminal Courts<\/strong>
\nMahdi Momeni (Ph.D.)<\/p>\n

The Effects of Presumption of Non-authority in Criminal Law in the light of Public Law Doctrines<\/strong>
\nAzadeh-sadat Taheri (Ph.D.) & Mohammad-Ali Rajab<\/p>\n

Child Soldiers Recruitment in International Criminal Law<\/strong>
\nSeyed Alireza Mirkamali (Ph.D.) & Sahar Pourhasan Ziveh<\/p>\n

Infringement of Trademark Rights: Waivable or non- Waivable Crime?<\/strong>
\nMohsen Sadeghi (Ph.D.)<\/p>\n

Implications of the Non-Reciprocity in the International Criminal Law<\/strong>
\nHaleh Hosseini Akbarnezhad (Ph.D.)<\/p>\n

Articles<\/strong><\/h3>\n

International Criminal Court\u00a0and appropriate Law-Making Policy of\u00a0Islamic Republic of Iran for Criminalizing Sexual Violence<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Zohreh Mousavifar (Ph.D.)<\/strong>
\nAssistant Professor in International Law at Islamic Azad University,\u00a0<\/strong>Bandar-e-Anzali Branch<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract:<\/strong>
\nEstablished mechanisms of International Criminal Court may put the
\nnon-member states in unwanted position of applying court\u2019s
\njurisdiction on crimes committed by the nationals of that state or
\ncrimes committed in the territory of that state. These crimes include
\nvarious forms of sexual violence which are enumerated in articles 7
\nand 8 of Statute under the heading of crimes against humanity and
\nwar crimes. The sole solution would be using potentials of national
\nlaw to prosecute and punish perpetrators of international crimes
\nincluding sexual violence against women as a substitute for
\nproceedings of International Criminal Court. This means the
\nnecessity of criminalizing sexual violence in national legal systems,
\naddressing current challenges and going beyond them. This issue is
\naddressed in this paper in a descriptive-analytical method.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong>
\nInternational Criminal Court, law-making policy, sexual
\nviolence, criminalization, crimes against humanity, war crimes.<\/p>\n

Evolution of the Principle of Legality of Crime\u00a0about Crime against Humanity in the light of\u00a0Development of International Criminal Courts<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Mahdi Momeni (Ph.D.)<\/strong>
\nAssistant Professor in Criminal Law & Criminology at Payame-Noor University,\u00a0Tehran Branch<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract:<\/strong>
\nThe analytic assessment of the statutes and jurisprudence of the
\ninternational criminal courts points out that the principle of legality
\nof crime, about crime against humanity, has passed through three
\nstages; denial, relative progress, and the necessity of predominance.
\nThe courts of first generation denied the ruling of this principle in
\nscope of international criminal law, but the courts of the second and
\nthe third generation, with relative progress, helped the ruling of this
\nprinciple. Finally, the International Criminal Court (ICC) felt the need
\nto consider the ruling of the principle of legality of crime, about
\ncrime against humanity, as one of the general principles of the
\ncriminal law.
\nThis article tries to answer the question that what changes the
\nprinciple of legality of crime, on crime against humanity, in the
\nprocess of evolution of international criminal courts, has gone
\nthrough, and to what extent the current situation is considered to be
\ndesirable and useful; with this hypothesis that the developments
\nconcerning the ruling of the principle of legality in this respect have
\nbeen in an increasing procedure, yet it is far from the desirable
\nstatus.
\nIn conclusion, although the doctrine of legality has replaced the
\ndoctrine of justice, resorting to analogy is a harm which still
\nthreatens the principle of legality of international crimes.
\nThe solution is that the criminal rule, when representing
\ncriminalization, should express the definition of crime with offering a
\ncomprehensive definition rather than offering a vague concept for
\nnumbering the instances (examples). More than, it had better leave
\nthe recognition of the examples to the judge himself.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong>
\nthe principle of legality, crime against humanity, International Criminal Court.<\/p>\n

The Effects of Presumption of Non-authority in\u00a0Criminal Law in the light of Public Law Doctrines<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Azadeh-Sadat Taheri (Ph.D.)<\/strong>
\nAssistant Professor at University of Semnan<\/strong>
\n&<\/strong>
\nMohammad-Ali Rajab<\/strong>
\nPh.D. Student at University of Tehran<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract:<\/strong>
\nFollowing the usual dichotomy in law, criminal law can be
\ncategorized under the title of public law. This classification must
\nreasonably be followed by some particular subsequences and
\nadvantages as well as being rooted in a reasonable basis \u2013 including
\nthe repercussion of publicness in criminal law. There are two
\nparticular characteristics governing on public law: first the principle
\nof incompetence of public authorities and the necessity of the
\ncompetence being nominated case by case; and the second, the
\nrequirement of precise clarification of mechanisms and procedures
\nof applying public authority. The criminal law being a sub-section of
\npublic law must reduplicate both characteristics in compliance with
\nwhich its rules and regulations should be interpreted. The present
\narticle is an attempt to represent and explain these qualifications.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong>
\ncriminal law, incompetence, public authority, public law, jurisdiction, jurisprudence.<\/p>\n

Child Soldiers Recruitment\u00a0in International Criminal Law<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Seyed Alireza Mirkamali (Ph.D.)<\/strong>
\nAssistant Professor at Shahid Beheshti University<\/strong>
\n&<\/strong>
\nSahar Pourhasan Ziveh<\/strong>
\nMA in Criminal Law and Criminology<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract:<\/strong>
\nChildren are recruited by various forms in armed conflicts. UN-based
\nInternational community has criminalized it as one of the examples
\nof war crimes and predicted for its perpetrators penal sanctions. This
\narticle seeks to study and answer to this question: how is evaluated
\nthe effectiveness of international community’s legislative criminal
\npolicy vis-\u00e1- vis this phenomenon. This paper examines and analyses
\nthe effectiveness of criminal policy by descriptive-analytical method
\nwith regard to and emphasis on the jurisprudence of international
\ncriminal tribunals.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong>
\nrecruitment, international criminal law, war crimes,
\nchildren, legislative criminal policy, International Criminal Courts.<\/p>\n

Infringement of Trademark Rights:\u00a0Waivable or non-Waivable Crime?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Mohsen Sadeghi (Ph.D.)<\/strong>
\nAssociate Professor of Faculty of Law and Political Science at University of Tehran<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract:<\/strong>
\nDetermining of waivable or non-waivable of crimes has theoretical
\nand practical benefits. These benefits effects about the crime of
\ninfringement of trademark rights. The importance of this subject is
\nbecause of the scarcity of Iranian legal literature related to the
\nmentioned subject, silence of the Trademark Act of Iran-as special
\nAct- and ambiguity of Islamic punishment new Act-as general act.
\nThe above reasons have caused divergence of judgments in Iranian
\nLaw. The main question of this article is that: is the infringement of
\ntrademark rights considered as a waivable crime or not? The
\nhypothesis of this paper is that the mentioned crime should be
\nconsidered as a waivable crime. The research method of this article is
\nbased on the library study, interview and comparative view in
\nBrazilian, Indian and French Laws and their accessible judgments.
\nThis paper constitutes two chapters: the first chapter criticizes the
\nIranian Acts and jurisprudence and the second chapter considers
\ntheoretical foundations of the subject. Finally, it suggests clear and
\npractical solutions to Iranian Legislator and judges.<\/p>\n

Keyword:<\/strong>
\nWaivable and non-Waivable Crimes, Infringement of trademark rights, Act, Jurisprudence.<\/p>\n

Implications of the Non-Reciprocity\u00a0in the International Criminal Law<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Haleh Hosseini Akbarnezhad (Ph.D.)<\/strong>
\nLecturer in International Law<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract:<\/strong>
\nInternational criminal law is one of the new branches of international
\nlaw that the main purpose of it, is to prosecute, trial and punishment
\nof the perpetrators of the most serious and gross international
\ncrimes. Prohibition of committing them has been recognized as jus
\ncogens and all members of the international community have the
\nduty to prevent it. The nature of this duty is known as erga omnes. In
\nfact, international crimes violate the fundamental and human values
\nwhich constitute the basis of the international community, so the
\ninternational criminal law protects the community against the
\ninternational crimes and mass violations of human rights. For this
\ngoal, by realizing the criminal responsibility for individuals, it prima
\nfacie regulates some obligations for persons not to commit those
\ncrimes and then addresses the states to cooperate to combat against
\nthe impunity of international crimes and to attempt to prosecute
\ncriminals by application of universal jurisdiction. Nowadays,
\nhumanization the concepts of the international crimes and relating
\nthem to the international conscience collective, changes the nature of
\nsome obligations of states as the non-reciprocal ones toward the
\ninternational community, therefore non-reciprocity is realized in
\nsome field of international criminal law. In this article, non-reciprocal
\nconsiderations in modern international criminal law will be
\ndiscussed.<\/p>\n

Keywords: <\/strong>
\nInternational Criminal Law, international crimes, international community, cooperation, universal jurisdiction<\/p>\n

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Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Number 4   Vol. II \u25cf No. 2 Autumn 2014 \u2013 Winter 2015 Managing Editor: Vahid Eshtiagh Editor-in-Chief: Mohammad Ashoori     CONTENTS Articles International Criminal Court and appropriate Law-Making Policy of Islamic Republic of Iran for Criminalizing Sexual Violence Zohreh Mousavifar (Ph.D.) Evolution of the Principle of Legality…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2887,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_daextinma_seo_power":"","_daextinma_enable_ail":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[450,453,454,459],"tags":[472,473,460,474,1666],"class_list":["post-2886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archive-of-charters","category-magazines-published-by-the-institute","category-published-journals-of-criminal-law-and-criminology-research","category-research-journal-of-criminal-law-and-criminology","tag-criminal-law","tag-criminology","tag-law","tag-the-journal-of-criminal-law-and-criminology","tag-vahid-eshtiagh"],"yoast_head":"\nJournal of Criminal Law and Criminology - 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