{"id":2927,"date":"2018-08-13T15:42:42","date_gmt":"2018-08-13T11:12:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/minamohammadi.ir\/?p=2927"},"modified":"2020-03-17T14:54:35","modified_gmt":"2020-03-17T11:24:35","slug":"journal-of-legal-research-number-30","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sdil.ac.ir\/en\/journal-of-legal-research-number-30\/","title":{"rendered":"Journal of Legal Research &#8211; Number 30"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Journal of<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>LEGAL RESEARCH<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Number 30<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/h3>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Vol. XV \u25cf No. 2<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Autumn 2016 \u2013 Winter 2017<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Managing Editor: Vahid Eshtiagh<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Editor-in-Chief: Seyyed Ghasem Zamani<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>CONTENTS<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Articles<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>The Commercial Custom Rules in International Trade, Interaction between CISG &amp; Incoterms Rules\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Dr. Mahmood Bagheri &amp; Soroush Rostamzad Asli &amp; Naser Azizi<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Systems of Regulation of Advertising Aimed at Children in Television<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Dr. Bagher Ansari &amp; Manijeh Hashemian<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Reflections on Dissolution of International Organizations<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Dr. Mansour Jabbari &amp; Masoud Ahsannejad<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>European Union&#8217;s Regulations on the Approximation of Nations and the Achievement of European Federalism (With a Proposal for Iran)\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Seyed Hossein Tabatabaei<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Modern Criminology and Relationship between Crimes<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Dr.Alireza Milani &amp; Mohammad Hajighasemi Ardebili<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Protection of Children in Armed Conflicts in the Context of International Instruments\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Armin Talaat &amp; Mohammad Ahangar Asil<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Human Rights Council against the National Politics of States: Some Remarks on the Case of North Korea<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Aramesh Shahbazi &amp; Samsam Avazpoor<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Comparing between Limitations of Issuing Notarize Acts and Secure Electronic Documents (The US, French and Iranian Rules)<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Abbas Karimi &amp; Amir Sepahi<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>The Inventive Step Requirement in Iranian Patent System<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Hamed Najafi &amp; Mahsa Madani<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Myanmar Crisis in the Mirror of the Human Rights Council<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Marziye Ghalandari<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>A Study of Incomplete Crimes in Iran Penal Law<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Alireza Rahmaninaimabadi<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Articles<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The Commercial Custom Rules\u00a0\u00a0in International Trade, Interaction between\u00a0CISG &amp; Incoterms Rules\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Dr. Mahmood Bagheri<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Associate Professor at Law and Political Science Faculty, University of Tehran,\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Attorney at Law<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>&amp;<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Soroush Rostamzad Asli\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ph.D. Candidate in Private Law, Shiraz University, Legal Researcher,\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>&amp;<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Naser Azizi<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ph.D. in International Law, Assistant Prosecutor in Tehran Public and Revolutionary<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Prosecution<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods provide as default rules. Article 6 of convention gives right to change or dismiss the convention rule to the parties. Consequently, the parties can perform articles 66-70 of convention in several kinds, they can exclude perform some rules, or exclude their effects, in this situation party express their agreement. They can perform their agreement in regard to article 6 of convention, but the question is: where this amendment result is excluding all convention rules about risk, or exclude some rules effects?<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">When Party agreements amendment convention rule, they can agree that international custom (so incoterms rules) perform. The next problem is: if the party doesn\u2019t expressly agreed about performance of incoterms rules; is it Possible to perform it as part of party\u2019s contracts? In this article we consider the effects of party about substituting convention rule with incoterms rule and at the end clear that courts know incoterms as parts of agreement when party express or don\u2019t express it.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods, Commercial custom, Incoterms, International trade.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Systems of Regulation of Advertising\u00a0Aimed at Children in Television<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Dr. Bagher Ansari\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Associate professor of Law, Shahid Beheshti University<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>&amp;<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Manijeh Hashemian\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>MA. \u00a0in Communications Law. Allameh Tabataba\u2019i University\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">The Children are honest, credulous and vulnerable. These characters have been making them as one of the best baits for commercial advertising. In addition to their purchasing power from their pocket proceeds, they also have a significant effect on their family\u2019s purchases. Also, they provide the future market of a product. This capability led to market of selling products and services to children has become one of the best-selling markets and thus, children are excessively addressed to commercial advertising. For protecting children from these adverse effects of commercial advertising, this is the question that which methods exist for children\u2019s advertising regulation? In the other words, who should regulate the advertising aimed at children and how? Advertising industry? Government? Or both of them? These triple types of regulation are: self-regulation, state regulation and co-regulation. This paper studies these types of regulations in various countries and in the light of the results from this study, examines the situation of regulation of advertising aimed at children in Iran.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Regulation, Commercial advertising, Television, Child.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Reflections on Dissolution of\u00a0International Organizations<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Dr. Mansour Jabbari<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Professor of International Law, Allameh Tabataba&#8217;i University\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>&amp;<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Masoud Ahsannejad<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>LLM at International Law, Allameh Tabataba&#8217;i University<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">There are many situations that International Organizations confront with during their existence. Dissolution of IOs and termination of their international legal personality is considered to be one of the most important parts of their lives. The role of establishing treaties in the continuance of IOs\u2019 life as their constitution beside the role of States in their creation on one hand, and the autonomy and international legal personality of IOs on the other, has raised different approaches on the basis of dissolution of IOs.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Some has come to the conclusion that the will of States is the base of dissolution of IOs, while others believe IOs are the only competent power to dissolve themselves. In this article we have tried to reach a thorough conclusion on the issue considering the nature of IOs and the methods available for their dissolution.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> International Organizations, International Legal Personality, Basis of Dissolution, Ways of Dissolution<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>European Union&#8217;s Regulations on the Approximation\u00a0of Nations and the Achievement of European\u00a0Federalism (With a Proposal for Iran)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Seyed Hossein Tabatabaei\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ph.D. of International Law from the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>(Institut du droit de la paix et du developpement)<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">After the economic crisis in Europe, some experts believe that the solution is the dissolution of the Union and some others believe by contrast, in strengthening the Union as a solution. This article will explain two types of regulations and policies to strengthen the Union with the approach of approximation of cultures and nations: first, policies on the culture and education. Secondly, regional regulations (with an emphasis on financial cooperation). The EU objective of these rules and policies is strengthening the unity of the Union.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> European Union, Federalism, Cultural policy, Education policies, Regional regulations<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Modern Criminology\u00a0and Relationship between Crimes<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Dr.Alireza Milani<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Faculty member of Islamic Azad University, Eslam Shahr branch\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>&amp;<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Mohammad Hajighasemi Ardebili<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>MA. in Criminal Law and Criminology Islamic Azad University Science and Research,\u00a0Kermanshah Branch<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">There is a wide and variety relationship between crimes. But many crimes are dependent to the others) dependent crimes (so that they are not able to exist without them. This dependency may be substantive or subordinate which are created by offenders decisions and other circumstances .there are some crimes that are independents but very crucial in existence of other crimes. Considering to these relations and reviewing the social constructions and making comparison between the two shows us that there are many structures between crimes that are very similar to our social constructions and meanwhile some differences can be seen .it seems these social structures are reflections of the society in which crimes are committed and this issues gives social character to crimes .this aspect is less noted yet and may create a different view to the offences.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Independent crimes, Dependent crimes, Community, Social structures.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Protection of Children in Armed Conflicts\u00a0in the context of International Instruments<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Armin Talaat<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Candidate of Ph.D. in International Law, Allameh Tabataba\u2019i University\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>&amp;<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Mohammad Ahangar Asil<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>LLM &#8211; International Law, Allameh Tabataba\u2019i University<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Children are the true symbols of defenselessness in armed conflicts, to whom States have paid specific attention. International society has taken remarkable measures to protect the rights of children in armed conflicts, both on international and regional scales. Some of the related international instruments are: Declaration of the Rights of the Children (1959), Convention on the Rights of Children (1989), Geneva Convention IV Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (1949), 1977 Protocols I and II additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, and the Additional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Children, adopted in 2000. There are also regional instruments, including African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1990), European Social Charter (1996), African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (2009), and American Convention on Human Rights (1969). The measures taken reveal the serious vulnerability of children in armed conflicts. A few States, especially African States, still do not honor their obligations to protect children. This article tries to stress the importance of the rights of children by investigating related international and regional instruments. Regarding the numerous instruments protective of the rights of children in armed conflicts, it can be concluded that the rights of children with respect to armed conflicts have been accepted worldwide, and therefore have entered into international customary law.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Keywords: Armed conflicts, Rights of the children, International and regional instruments, International society.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Human Rights Council\u00a0against the National Politics of States:\u00a0Some Remarks on the Case of North Korea<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Aramesh Shahbazi<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Assistant Professor of International Law Allameh Tabataba&#8217;i University\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>&amp;<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Samsam Avazpoor<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>LLM Student of International Law Tarbiat Modares University<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">International community has recently faced with some modern forms of challenges between application of national politics and respect to evolving rules of international law. In this situation many states, especially in the context of international human rights law choose to escape from international obligation in order to advance their national policy. North Korea&#8217;s human rights record is among the worst in the world and has been widely condemned globally, especially by Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, the European Union and the United Nations. The recent declarations of the human rights council which clearly condemned the violation of human rights in North Korea and further repeated violations by this country could be proved the fact that still the human rights&#8217; values are as weak as being able to enforce the states to apply them.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> North Korea, Human rights Council, Human rights grave breach, National Politics, International Covenant on civil and Political Rights.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Comparing between Limitations of\u00a0Issuing Notarize Acts and Secure Electronic Documents\u00a0(The US, French and Iranian Rules)<\/h4>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Abbas Karimi<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Professor at University of Tehran<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>&amp;<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Amir Sepahi<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ph.D. Student at the Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">After long study in Limitations of Issuing Notarize Acts and Limitations of Secure Electronic Documents, it is obvious that the limitations of issuing secure electronic documents are more than limitations of issuing notarize acts. Because generally there are some special limitations for issuing electronic documents, moreover many limitations of issuing notarize acts transmitted to the secure electronic documents because they are rooted in public policy and ethics. Furthermore there are some limitations for notaries as public officer that they transmitted to certification authorities (CAs) because they are public officer too, thus CAs cannot issue digital certificates so on secure electronic documents cannot be issued.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Public limitations of issuing notarize act, Special limitations of issuing notarize act, Public limitations of issuing secure electronic document, Special limitations of issuing secure electronic document.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The Inventive Step Requirement\u00a0in Iranian Patent System<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Hamed Najafi<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ph.D. Student of Private Law in Tarbiat Modares University and Researcher of\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Comparative Law Institute of Tehran University<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>&amp;<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Mahsa Madani<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ph.D. Student of Private Law<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">The inventive step requirement beside the two requirements of The novelty and industrial application, is one of the basic requirement of patents. This requirement means that, an invention with regard to the prior art does not obvious for the person who has ordinary skill in the art. Challenges contrary to this requirement, create the motive in us to essay the present article .such a challenge is seen both legislatively and executively. For this reason, in the present article, at first, present the concept and necessity, and then we would study the history of it in the Iranian law, for At the end, we would study and analyze the legal place and the subject of assessment of the inventive step requirement in classic and modern (nucleic acid molecules) inventions, introduce the existent defects and offer the legislative and executive appropriate proposals.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Inventive step requirement, Assessment, Classic inventions, Nucleic acid molecules, Iranian law<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Myanmar Crisis in the Mirror of\u00a0the Human Rights Council<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Marziye Ghalandari<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>M.A. in International Law, Allameh Tabataba&#8217;i University<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">The phenomenon of internationalization of Human Rights starts by establishing the human Rights Commission along with Security Council and General Assembly to maintenance of International peace and security and respect to human Rights according to the violation of human rights, and Culminated with the replacement by the Human Rights council.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Myanmar Crisis and human Rights violation in it which starts 2012 is a case of human Rights violation that needs the Human Rights Council&#8217;s attention to stopping the Genocide there.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Human Rights Commission, Human Rights council, Human Rights violation in Myanmar, Myanmar Crisis, Institutions to protect human rights.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>A Study of Incomplete Crimes in Iran Penal Law<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Alireza Rahmaninaimabadi<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>M.A. in Criminal Law and Criminology Isfahan University<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">One of the existing divisions for crime in Iran penal law is complete (finished) and incomplete (unfinished) crimes. Unlike in complete crimes which the doer finishes the criminal act and fulfills his purpose, in incomplete crimes the doer doesn\u2019t reach his goal as he desires. Attempting crime is divided to attempting the impossible or attempting the abortive based on the doer running offence after criminal intent and preparation but encountered an external factor, or after criminal intent and preparation run offence and completed it but because of some adventitious factors (relative or absolute factors) he fails to run the crime.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">In this research we are about to explain the elements of these crimes and their position so that we can recognize them through a proper model.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Attempting crime, to attempt running the crime, to attempt operating the crime, Abortive crime, Impossible crime.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Journal of LEGAL RESEARCH Number 30 Vol. XV \u25cf No. 2 Autumn 2016 \u2013 Winter 2017 Managing Editor: Vahid Eshtiagh Editor-in-Chief: Seyyed Ghasem Zamani &nbsp; &nbsp; CONTENTS Articles &nbsp; The Commercial Custom Rules in International Trade, Interaction between CISG &amp; Incoterms Rules\u00a0 Dr. Mahmood Bagheri &amp; Soroush Rostamzad Asli &amp; Naser Azizi &nbsp; Systems of&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2928,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[450,457,453,456],"tags":[460,461,462,1666],"class_list":["post-2927","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archive-of-charters","category-journal-of-legal-research","category-magazines-published-by-the-institute","category-published-legal-research-journals","tag-law","tag-legal-research","tag-the-journal-of-legal-research","tag-vahid-eshtiagh"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - 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