{"id":42322,"date":"2023-11-14T13:15:30","date_gmt":"2023-11-14T09:45:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sdil.ac.ir\/?p=42322"},"modified":"2024-10-10T12:22:49","modified_gmt":"2024-10-10T08:52:49","slug":"journal-of-private-law-number1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sdil.ac.ir\/en\/journal-of-private-law-number1\/","title":{"rendered":"Journal of PRIVATE LAW- Number1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Journal of<\/strong><\/h2>\n

PRIVATE LAW<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0Number1<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Vol. 1 \u25cf No. 1<\/h2>\n

September 2013<\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/h3>\n

Managing Editor: Vahid Eshtiagh<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Editor-in-Chief: Seyyed Ghasem Zamani<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

CONTENTS<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Choice of Competent Court and Applicable Law on Insolvency of Multinational Enterprises Group<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kourosh Kavyani Baghbadorani; Saideh Ghassemi Moghaddam<\/em><\/p>\n

Global Regime on Foreign Investment: Challenges and Developments<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hossein Foroughiniya<\/em><\/p>\n

Purposes and Formation of the Principles of European Contract Law and Comparison with Similar Documents<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mohammadali Khorsandian; Farhad Mohammdi Basir<\/em><\/p>\n

Passing of Risk in Goods Sold in Transit: A Comparative Study under International Sale of Goods Convention, English Law and Iranian Law<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fakhroddin Asghari Aghmashhadi; Ali Mohammadzadeh<\/em><\/p>\n

Electronic Arbitration: Procedure and Validity of Awards<\/strong><\/p>\n

Salman Faghih Mirzaei<\/em><\/p>\n

Third Party\u2019s Contractual Liability<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alireza Yazdanian; Zeynab Kiani<\/em><\/p>\n

Signature in the Law of Iran<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nader PourArshad<\/em><\/p>\n

Protection of Child’s Rights in light of the 1993 Convention on International Adoption<\/strong><\/p>\n

Farhad Parvin; Armaghan Abiri<\/em><\/p>\n

Choice of Competent Court and Applicable Law on Insolvency of Multinational Enterprises Group<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Kourosh Kavyani Baghbadorani<\/p>\n

Saideh Ghassemi Moghaddam<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>
\nMultinational enterprises group insolvency is the obvious sample of cross-border insolvency. One of the most important questions in the cross-border insolvency discussion is how to determine the competent court and applicable law. To answer this question, three approaches (universalism, territorialism and contractualism) are brought forth to discussion. However the criteria presenting by these approaches, aren\u2019t in accord with the insolvency state of multinational enterprises group. The diversified and complicated structure of multinational enterprises on the one hand, and their activities in different venues with different legal systems on the other hand, make doubts about determining the appropriate legal system applicable on their activity, especially on their state of Insolvency.
\nThis article attempts to deal with the criteria of these three above mentioned approaches and determine the appropriate legal system which is in accord with the diversified structure of multinational enterprise group. According to the ninth section of Trade Law Bill concerning the International Insolvency, the approach of Iran legislator will be analyzed in this respect.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n

multinational enterprise group cross-border insolvency universalism approach territorialism approach contractualism approach<\/p>\n

Global Regime on Foreign Investment: Challenges and Developments<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Hossein Foroughiniya<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>
\nAlthough the 3000 international investment treaties concluded since the end of World War II are separate and distinct international legal instruments, they constitute, as a group, an emerging global regime for investment. Drawing on regime theory from the field of international relations. While having all the characteristics of other international regimes, the investment regime also has three unique features: it has been bilaterally, rather than multilaterally, constructed: it decentralizes and privatizes decision-making processes; and it is not based on a multilateral international organization. All of these features have significant consequences for the functionality and sustainability of the regime. The regime also faces four major challenges: (1) disappointing regime results; (2) perceived defective decision-making process and unjustified constraints on national sovereignty; (3) divergence of participant expectations; and (4) the impact of national and global economic crises. On the other hand, certain other factors tend to give the regime a sticky quality that makes the departure of members difficult. Nonetheless, the international investment regime will require wise management and flexible leadership in the future if it is to withstand these challenges and achieve its potential. This article examines the elements of the international investment regime, the reasons for its development, the goals that it pursues, and the challenges that it faces.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n

bilateral investment treaties international investment regime international organization trade international law Principles norms rules decision making processes economic liberalization enforcement mechanisms international arbitration<\/p>\n

Purposes and Formation of the Principles of European Contract Law and Comparison with Similar Documents<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Mohammadali Khorsandian<\/p>\n

Farhad Mohammdi Basir<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>
\nThe publication of a document titled \u201cPrinciples of European Contract Law\u201d in late Twentieth century as a result of efforts done by the European committee of contract law in an attempt to codifying the principles of private law should be considered as a crucial step towards the improvement of contract law. PECL is after some specific aims though it has some commonalties with documents such as UNIDROIT, PETL, CISG and UCC. The main goals of the formulator of PECL include forming a part of E.U. Draft Common Frame of Reference (forthcoming) providing \u201ca set of Neutral principles\u201d for contract parties and presenting a suitable framework for legislators such as China, Estonia, Netherlands, etc who are after codifying a national law. Hence, our law should be continuously revived according to the newest issues in the realm of law and innovations like PECL and other such as international documents in a way that by considering all related aspects and arriving at an absolute certainty with respect to discrepancies between this document and our legal structure, we can use these documents as pre-formulated source and shortcuts to bridge the existing gaps.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n

PECL PETL UNIDROIT CISG UCC<\/p>\n

Passing of Risk in Goods Sold in Transit: A Comparative Study under International Sale of Goods Convention, English Law and Iranian Law<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Fakhroddin Asghari Aghmashhadi<\/p>\n

Ali Mohammadzadeh<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>
\nWhere the goods sold in transit, fixing the moment from which the risk passes is very important for the contracting parties. According to the Convention, The risk passes to the buyer from the time of the conclusion of the contract. In English law, although there is no express regulation in this connection, the governing rule is the general rule inserted in section 20 of Sale of Goods Act that is, the goods remain at the seller’s risk until the property in them is transferred to the buyer. In Iranian law, like English law, there is no express regulation in this connection. The governing law should be the general law in passing of risk. That is, the risk passes to the buyer by delivering of goods to him. But, the contracting parties can agree that the risk should be passed from the time of the conclusion of the contract.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n

International Sale of Goods Convention goods sold in transit risk Delivery<\/p>\n

Electronic Arbitration: Procedure and Validity of Awards<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Salman Faghih Mirzaei<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>
\nNowadays, the development of new science and technology has affected the people\u2019s lives in a large scale. E-commerce has progressed with an incredible speed and rising of disputes between parties in electronic transactions like in the traditional way, is inevitable. Electronic and virtual nature of these transactions clarifies the need to accelerate the settlement of conflicts in a way appropriate to the nature of these exchanges and has led to new ways of disputes resolution called Electronic Disputes Resolutions and especially Electronic Alternative Dispute Resolutions. This article first reviews the concept, scope and different kinds of them that are popular in the world and then shows how electronic arbitration – as the most important EDR- could be exerted electronically from starting the proceedings to issue and communicate an electronic award, how we can secure the authenticity of electronic documents and how real providers of documents cold be identified throw special mechanisms. At the end we conclude that since all steps of the procedure are capable of being done electronically, e-arbitration is a completely valid and secure way and we could argue about replacing the traditional arbitration with e-arbitration in some cases.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n

alternative dispute resolutions electronic alternative dispute resolutions electronic arbitration electronic procedure<\/p>\n

Third Party\u2019s Contractual Liability<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Alireza Yazdanian<\/p>\n

Zeynab Kiani<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>
\nContractual liability vicariously is one types of vicarious liability, although it has not been mentioned in Civil Code of Iran, but it can be deduced from some of articles.
\nElicitation and deduction of contractual liability vicariously is crucial since conditions of realization differ between it and non-contractual liability. Therefore its rules and conditions have to be studied separately. On the other hand existence of its institution will cause victim face with two responsible, and with insolvency of responsible he\/she is not deprived of compensation. In this paper, it will be discussed.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n

contractual liability Third Party civil code Iran<\/p>\n

Signature in the Law of Iran<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Nader PourArshad<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>
\nIn law, signature has multiple meanings and functions. One of these meanings implies a sign representing the identity of its holder and establishing the validity of the signed document. In considering a document as a proof for a claim, the legislator resorts to the indispensable role of signature. Broadly speaking, signature has always been used to denote either of the two following meanings. While the general meaning includes such things as fingerprint and seal, the specialized meaning refers to the movement of hand to draw a sign. With reference to statute law, legal procedure, and legal doctrine of Iran, the present article deals with the definition, nature, history, elements, conditions, and consequences of signature in the specialized sense.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n

signature seal fingerprint document<\/p>\n

Protection of Child’s Rights in light of the 1993 Convention on International Adoption<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Farhad Parvin<\/p>\n

Armaghan Abiri<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>
\nRegarding that children are one of the most important components of each society, today, the issue of donating the consideration to their rights is an undeniable matter. Accordingly, paying attention to the situations in which, the child maybe abused and effort to restrain, diminish and eliminate this grade of society is a vital pace to protect and support them. Observing the increase of International adoption in recent decades, analyze and study about this matter seems to be so impressive, inventive and important issue that can scrutinize such a new angle of human rights studies (especially children rights era). In this article we try to express some aspects of this phenomenon in convention 1993, in brief.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n

child’s rights Adoption Convention on International Adoption<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Journal of PRIVATE LAW \u00a0Number1 Vol. 1 \u25cf No. 1 September 2013 Managing Editor: Vahid Eshtiagh Editor-in-Chief: Seyyed Ghasem Zamani   CONTENTS     Choice of Competent Court and Applicable Law on Insolvency of Multinational Enterprises Group Kourosh Kavyani Baghbadorani; Saideh Ghassemi Moghaddam Global Regime on Foreign Investment: Challenges and Developments Hossein Foroughiniya Purposes and…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1050,"featured_media":42378,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[450,6524,458,3294,453,6523,455],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archive-of-charters","category-journal-of-financial-and-economic-law","category-journal-of-private-law-research","category-journals","category-magazines-published-by-the-institute","category-published-journals-of-financial-and-economic-law","category-published-journals-of-private-law-research"],"yoast_head":"\nJournal of PRIVATE LAW- Number1 -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Journal ofPRIVATE LAW\u00a0Number1Vol. 1 \u25cf No. 1September 2013Managing Editor: Vahid EshtiaghEditor-in-Chief: Seyyed Ghasem Zamani\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sdil.ac.ir\/en\/journal-of-private-law-number1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Journal of PRIVATE LAW- Number1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Journal of PRIVATE LAW \u00a0Number1 Vol. 1 \u25cf No. 1 September 2013 Managing Editor: Vahid Eshtiagh Editor-in-Chief: Seyyed Ghasem Zamani   CONTENTS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sdil.ac.ir\/en\/journal-of-private-law-number1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06a9\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 - 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